Sources

Each source page shows a citation to a study on identity threat and one or two paragraphs that describe the experiment and explain its findings.

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Table of contents

• Abrams, Eller, & Bryant, 2006
• Adams, Garcia, Purdie-Vaughns, & Steele, 2006
• Ambady, Paik, Steele, Owen-Smith, & Mitchell, 2004
• Ambady, Shih, Kim, & Pittinsky, 2001
• Andreoletti & Lachman, 2004
• Aronson & Inzlicht, 2004
• Aronson, Fried, & Good, 2002
• Aronson, Jannone, McGlone, & Johnson-Campbell, In Press
• Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, Steele, & Brown, 1999
• Beaton, Tougas, Rinfret, Huard, & Delisle, 2007
• Beilock, Jellison, Rydell, McConnell, & Carr, 2006
• Beilock, Rydell, & McConnell, 2007
• Ben-Zeev, Fein, & Inzlicht, 2005
• Bergeron, Block and Echtenkamp, 2006
• Blanton, Crocker, & Miller, 2000
• Blascovich, Spencer, Quinn, & Steele, 2001
• Bosson, Haymovitz, & Pinel, 2004
• Brown & Day, 2006
• Brown & Josephs, 1999
• Brown & Pinel, 2003
• Cadinu, Maass, Frigerio, Impagliazzo, & Latinotti, 2003
• Cadinu, Maass, Lombardo, & Frigerio, 2006
• Cadinu, Maass, Rosabianca, & Kiesner, 2005
• Chasteen, Bhattacharyya, Horhota, Tam, & Hasher, 2005
• Cheryan & Bodenhausen, 2000
• Cohen & Garcia, 2005
• Cohen, Garcia, Apfel, & Master, 2006
• Cohen, Steele, & Ross, 1999
• Cole, Matheson, & Anisman, 2007
• Croizet & Claire, 1998
• Croizet, Després, Gauzins, Huguet, Leyens, & Méot, 2004
• Cullen, Hardison, & Sackett, 2004
• Cullen, Waters, & Sackett, 2006
• Danaher & Crandall, 2008
• Dar-Nimrod & Heine, 2006
• Davies, Spencer, & Steele, 2005
• Davies, Spencer, Quinn, & Gerhardstein, 2002
• Davis, Aronson, & Salinas, 2006
• Deaux, Bikman, Gilkes, Ventuneac, Joseph, Payne, & Steele, 2007
• Delgado & Prieto, 2008
• Eriksson & Lindholm, 2007
• Ford, Ferguson, Brooks, & Hagadone, 2004
• Frantz, Cuddy, Burnett, Ray, & Hart, 2004
• Goff, Steele, & Davies, 2008
• Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002
• Good, Aronson, & Harder, 2008
• Good, Aronson, & Inzlicht, 2003
• Gresky, Ten Eyck, Lord, & McIntyre, 2005
• Gupta & Bhawe, 2007
• Harrison, Stevens, Monty, & Coakley, 2006
• Hess & Hinson, 2006
• Hess, Auman, Colcombe, & Rahhal, 2003
• Huguet & Régner, 2007
• Inzlicht & Ben-Zeev, 2000
• Inzlicht & Ben-Zeev, 2003
• Inzlicht, Aronson, Good, & McKay, 2006
• Inzlicht, McKay, & Aronson, 2006
• Jamieson & Harkins, 2007
• Johns, Inzlicht, & Schmader, 2008
• Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005
• Josephs, Newman, Brown, & Beer, 2003
• Keller & Dauenheimer, 2003
• Keller, 2002
• Keller, 2007(b)
• Keller, 2007a
• Kellow & Jones, 2005
• Kellow & Jones, 2007
• Kiefer & Sekaquaptewa, 2007
• Klein, Pohl, & Ndagijimana, 2007
• Koch, Müller, & Sieverding, 2008
• Koenig & Eagly, 2005
• Kray, Galinsky, & Thompson, 2002
• Kray, Reb, Galinsky, & Thompson, 2004
• Kray, Thompson, & Galinsky, 2001
• Krendl, Richeson, Kelley, & Heatherton, 2007
• Lesko & Corpus, 2006
• Levy, 1996
• Leyens, Desert, Croizet, & Darcis, 2000
• Major, Spencer, Schmader, Wolfe, & Crocker, 1998
• Martens, Johns, Greenberg, & Schimel, 2006
• Marx & Goff, 2005
• Marx & Roman, 2002
• Marx & Stapel, 2006a
• Marx & Stapel, 2006b
• Marx, Ko, & Friedman, In Press
• Marx, Stapel, & Muller, 2005
• Mayer & Hanges, 2003
• McFarland, Lev-Arey, & Ziegert, 2003
• McGlone & Aronson, 2006
• McIntyre, Lord, Gresky, Ten Eyck, Frye, & Bond Jr., 2005
• McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003
• McKay, Doverspike, Bowen-Hilton, & Martin, 2002
• McKay, Doverspike, Bowen-Hilton, & McKay, 2003
• McKown & Weinstein, 2003
• Murphy, Steele, & Gross, 2007
• Muzzatti & Agnoli, 2007
• Neuville & Croizet, 2007
• Nguyen & Ryan, 2008
• Nguyen, O'Neal, & Ryan, 2003
• Nussbaum & Steele, 2007
• O'Brien & Crandall, 2003
• Osborne & Walker, 2006
• Osborne, 1995
• Osborne, 1997
• Osborne, 2001
• Osborne, 2006
• Osborne, 2007
• Oswald & Harvey, 2000/2001
• Ployhart, Ziegert, & McFarland, 2003
• Pronin, Steele, & Ross, 2004
• Quinn & Spencer, 2001
• Quinn, Kahng, & Crocker, 2004
• Rahhal, Hasher, & Colcombe, 2001
• Roberson, Deitch, Brief, & Block, 2003
• Rosenthal & Crisp, 2006
• Rosenthal, Crisp, & Suen, 2007
• Rydell, McConnell, & Beilock, in press
• Sawyer & Hollis-Sawyer, 2005
• Schimel, Arndt, Banko, & Cook, 2004
• Schmader & Johns, 2003
• Schmader, 2002
• Schmader, Johns, & Barquissau, 2004
• Seibt & Förster, 2004
• Sekaquaptewa & Thompson, 2002
• Sekaquaptewa & Thompson, 2003
• Sekaquaptewa, Waldman, & Thompson, 2007
• Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita, & Gray, 2002
• Shih, Bonam, Sanchez, & Peck, 2007
• Shih, Pittinsky, and Ambady, 1999
• Shih, Pittinsky, and Trahan, 2006
• Smith & White, 2002
• Smith, Sansone, & White, 2007
• Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999
• Stangor, Carr, & Kiang, 1998
• Steele & Aronson, 1995
• Steele, James, & Barnett, 2002
• Stone & McWhinnie, 2008
• Stone, 2002
• Stone, Lynch, Sjomeling, & Darley, 1999
• Stricker & Bejar, 2004
• Stricker & Ward, 2004
• Thoman, White, Yamawaki, & Koishi, 2008
• Vick, Seery, Blascovich, & Weisbuch, 2008
• Walsh, Hickey, & Duffy, 1999
• Walton & Cohen, 2003
• Walton & Cohen, 2007
• Wicherts, Dolan, & Hessen, 2005
• Wout, Danso, Jackson, & Spencer, 2008
• Yeung & von Hippel, 2007
• Yopyk & Prentice, 2005
• von Hippel, von Hippel, Conway, Preacher, Schooler, & Radvansky, 2005